Okokuqala, kokubili uketshezi lokumba olusekelwe emanzini kanye nolwe-oyili lunezinzuzo nezinkinga, futhi luvumelana nezimo ezihlukene ze-stratigraphic.Ngakho-ke, asikho i-stratum ephakeme noma ephansi, futhi akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokungananazi ukuthi iyiphi inkambiso yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo.I-API kanye ne-IADC bahlukanisa uhlelo loketshezi lokumba lube yizigaba eziyisishiyagalolunye, izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zokuqala uketshezi lokumba olusekelwe emanzini, uhlobo lwesishiyagalombili uketshezi lokumba olusekelwe kuwoyela, kanti uhlobo lokugcina igesi njengendlela eyisisekelo.I-non-dispersive system, 2, i-dispersive system, 3, i-calcium treatment system, 4, i-polymer system, 5, i-low-solid system, i-6, i-saturated brine system, i-7, isistimu yokuqedela kahle uketshezi, i-8, isistimu yokugaya i-oil-base drilling fluid, 9, umoya, inkungu, igwebu kanye nohlelo lwegesi.
Uketshezi lokumba olusekelwe emanzini lunezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi, ukumisa okulula, ukwelashwa nokugcinwa, umthombo obanzi we-ejenti yokwelapha, izinhlobo eziningi ezitholakalayo ukuze zikhethwe, ukulawula ukusebenza okulula, njll., kanye nomphumela omuhle wokuvikela ungqimba lukawoyela negesi. .I-oil-base drilling fluid ibhekisela emafutheni njengoketshezi lokumba lwesigaba esiqhubekayo.Kudala ngeminyaka yawo-1920s, uwoyela ongahluziwe wawusetshenziswa njengoketshezi lokumba ukuze kugwenywe futhi kuncishiswe ukuvela kwezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho kubhola.Kodwa-ke, kutholakala ekusebenzeni ukuthi uwoyela ongahluziwe unalezi zinto ezimbi ezilandelayo: amandla amancane okugunda, okunzima ukumisa i-barite, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokuhlunga, kanye nezingxenye eziguquguqukayo kuwoyela ongahluziwe kungabangela umlilo kalula.Ngenxa yalokho, kancane kancane yathuthuka yaba uketshezi olumbili lokumba olusekelwe ku-oyela olunodizili njengesigaba esiqhubekayo -- uketshezi lokumba uwoyela wonke kanye noketshezi lokumba lwe-emulsion lwamanzi ngamafutha.Kuwoyela ophelele wokugaya uketshezi, amanzi ayisici esingenamsebenzi, okuqukethwe kwawo kwamanzi akufanele kudlule u-7%.Oketshezini lokumba lwamanzi e-ladle kawoyela, amanzi asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuwoyela wedizili njengengxenye edingekayo, futhi okuqukethwe kwawo kwamanzi ngokuvamile ku-10% ~ 60%.
Uma kuqhathaniswa noketshezi lokumba olusekelwe emanzini, i-oil-base drilling fluid enokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nosawoti, ukungcoliswa kwe-calcium, ukuqina kwe-borehole odongeni, ukuthambisa okuhle kanye nomonakalo we-hydrocarbon reservoir kuncane kakhulu, nezinye izinzuzo, manje isiphenduke indawo yokubhoboza. izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elinzima lijule kahle, Imithombo ye-Angle ephezulu ephambukile futhi enezingqimba kanye nezindlela ezibalulekile zokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi okuhlukahlukene, futhi ingasetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthola uketshezi, uketshezi lokuphothula i-perforating, uketshezi olusebenzayo kanye nenhliziyo yokushayela uketshezi.Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokulungisa uketshezi lokumba olusekelwe ku-oyela ziphezulu kakhulu kunalezo zoketshezi lokumba olusuka emanzini, futhi uma lusetshenziswa, ngokuvamile luyoba nomthelela omubi kakhulu endaweni yemvelo eduze nendawo yomthombo, futhi isivinini sokumba ngomshini ngokuvamile siphansi. kunalolo lwe-water-base drilling fluid.Lezi zimbi zinciphisa kakhulu ukusabalala nokusebenzisa uketshezi lokumba olusekelwe ku-oyela.Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokumba, uketshezi lokumba uwoyela wejeli oluphansi lwasetshenziswa kabanzi kusukela maphakathi nawo-1970.Ukuze kuvikelwe imvelo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezidingo zokumba ogwini, kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, i-emulsion yamanzi anobuthi obuncane yokumba uketshezi ngamafutha amaminerali njengoba uwoyela wesisekelo wanda kancane kancane.Njengamanje, uketshezi olumba uwoyela wonke lusetshenziswe kancane, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile, uketshezi lokumba olusekelwe ku-oyela lubhekisela emanzini okugaya i-emulsion yamanzi ngamafutha e-diesel noma amafutha amaminerali anobuthi obuphansi (uwoyela omhlophe) njengokuqhubekayo. isigaba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-09-2018