Chidziwitso chaukadaulo

Choyamba, zonse zamadzimadzi zopangira madzi komanso zopangira mafuta zimakhala ndi zabwino komanso zoyipa, ndipo zimagwirizana ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya stratigraphic.Choncho, palibe stratum yapamwamba kapena yotsika, ndipo ndizosatheka kunena mosasamala kuti ndi iti yomwe ili chitukuko chamtsogolo.API ndi IADC zimayika makina obowola m'magulu asanu ndi anayi, mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yoyamba ndi madzi opangira madzi, mtundu wachisanu ndi chitatu ndi madzi opangira mafuta, ndipo mtundu wotsiriza ndi gasi monga sing'anga yoyambira.Non-dispersive system, 2, dispersive system, 3, calcium treatment system, 4, polima system, 5, low-solid system, 6, saturated brine system, 7, well completion fluid system, 8, mafuta-base pobowola madzimadzi, 9, mpweya, chifunga, thovu ndi mpweya.
Madzi obowola pamadzi ali ndi zabwino zake zotsika mtengo, kasinthidwe kosavuta, chithandizo ndi kukonza, gwero lalikulu la othandizira, mitundu ingapo yomwe ingasankhidwe, kuwongolera kosavuta, etc., komanso chitetezo chabwino chamafuta ndi gasi wosanjikiza. .Oil-base pobowola madzimadzi amatanthauza mafuta monga mosalekeza gawo pobowola madzimadzi.Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1920, mafuta opangira mafuta ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi obowola pofuna kupewa ndi kuchepetsa kuchitika kwa zovuta zosiyanasiyana pobowola.Komabe, zimapezeka m'machitidwe kuti mafuta opangira mafuta ali ndi zovuta zotsatirazi: mphamvu yaing'ono yometa ubweya, yovuta kuyimitsa barite, kutaya kwakukulu kwa kusefera, ndi kusungunuka kwa zigawo za mafuta osakanizidwa kungayambitse moto mosavuta.Zotsatira zake, pang'onopang'ono zidayamba kukhala madzi awiri obowola mafuta okhala ndi dizilo monga gawo lopitilira --mafuta onse obowola ndi madzi a mu-mafuta a emulsion pobowola.Mu mafuta onse obowola madzimadzi, madzi ndi opanda pake, madzi ake sayenera kupitirira 7%.M'madzi obowola m'madzi amafuta, madzi amagawidwa mofanana mu mafuta a dizilo monga gawo lofunikira, ndipo madzi ake nthawi zambiri amakhala 10% ~ 60%.
Poyerekeza ndi madzi pobowola madzi, akhoza mafuta-m'munsi pobowola madzimadzi ndi kutentha kukana kutentha, kukana mchere, kashiamu kuipitsidwa, borehole khoma bata, lubricity wabwino ndi kuwonongeka hydrocarbon posungira ndi laling'ono kwambiri, ndi ubwino zina, tsopano wakhala kubowola. zovuta kutentha kwambiri kuya bwino, mkulu Angle anapatuka ndi yopingasa Wells ndi njira zofunika zosiyanasiyana mapangidwe zovuta, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana madzimadzi, perforating kutsiriza madzimadzi, workover madzimadzi ndi madzimadzi pagalimoto mtima.Komabe, mtengo wokonzekera wamadzimadzi obowola m'munsi mwamafuta ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa wamadzimadzi obowola m'madzi, ndipo akagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zambiri amawononga kwambiri chilengedwe pafupi ndi chitsimecho, ndipo liwiro lobowola pamakina nthawi zambiri limakhala lotsika. kuposa madzi obowola m'madzi.Kuipa kumeneku kumachepetsa kwambiri kufalikira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi obowola m'munsi mwa mafuta.Pofuna kukonza kubowola, gel osakaniza mafuta phukusi madzi emulsion pobowola madzi ambiri ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira m'ma 1970s.Pofuna kuteteza chilengedwe komanso kutengera zosowa za pobowola m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, emulsion pobowola madzi otsika owopsa amadzi okhala ndi mafuta amchere monga mafuta oyambira adatchuka pang'onopang'ono.Pakali pano, mafuta onse pobowola madzimadzi wagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepa, kotero kunena, mafuta-base pobowola madzimadzi amatanthauza madzi-mu-mafuta pobowola madzimadzi ndi mafuta dizilo kapena otsika poizoni mchere mafuta (mafuta oyera) monga mosalekeza. gawo.