ʻIke ʻenehana

ʻO ka mea mua, loaʻa nā mea maikaʻi a me nā pōʻino ʻole o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai a me ka ʻaila, a hoʻololi lākou i nā kūlana stratigraphic like ʻole.No laila, ʻaʻohe stratum kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha, a ʻaʻole hiki ke haʻi wale ʻia ʻo wai ke ʻano hoʻomohala e hiki mai ana.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻo API a me IADC i ka ʻōnaehana wai hoʻoheheʻe i ʻeiwa mau ʻāpana, ʻo nā ʻano ʻehiku mua he wai hoʻoheheʻe wai, ʻo ka ʻewalu ʻano he wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻaila, a ʻo ke ʻano hope he kinoea ma ke ʻano kumu.Pūnaehana hoʻopuehu ʻole, 2, ʻōnaehana hoʻopuehu, 3, ʻōnaehana mālama calcium, 4, ʻōnaehana polymer, 5, ʻōnaehana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, 6, ʻōnaehana brine saturated, 7, ʻōnaehana wai hoʻopiha maikaʻi, 8, ʻōnaehana wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻaila. 9, ka ea, ka noe, ka huʻa a me ka ʻōnaehana kinoea.
Loaʻa ka maikaʻi o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi, ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana, ke kumu ākea o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā ʻano he nui i loaʻa no ke koho ʻana, ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokō ʻana, etc. .ʻO ka wai hoʻoheheʻe kumu ʻaila e pili ana i ka ʻaila ma ke ʻano he wai hoʻomau.I ka makahiki 1920, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻaila ʻaila ma ke ʻano he wai wili e pale a hōʻemi i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā kūlana paʻakikī i ka wili ʻana.Eia naʻe, ʻike ʻia ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka aila maʻemaʻe nā mea ʻino: ka ikaika ʻoki liʻiliʻi, paʻakikī i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka barite, ka poho kānana nui, a me nā mea e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka ʻaila koʻikoʻi hiki ke hana maʻalahi i ke ahi.ʻO ka hopena, ua ulu mālie ʻo ia i ʻelua mau wai wili kumu ʻaila me ka diesel ma ke ʻano hoʻomau - ka wai wili ʻaila āpau a me ka wai wili emulsion emulsion wai.I ka nui o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe aila, ʻaʻole pono ka wai, ʻaʻole pono ka nui o ka wai ma mua o 7%.I ka aila-ladle wai hoʻoheheʻe wai, ua puʻunaue like ka wai i loko o ka diesel aila e like me ka mea e pono ai, a me kona wai maʻamau he 10% ~ 60%.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wai, hiki i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe aila kumu me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka paʻakai, ka contamination calcium, ka paʻa ʻana o ka pā borehole, ka lubricity maikaʻi a no ka pōʻino wai wai hydrocarbon he ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, a me nā pono ʻē aʻe, i kēia manawa ua lilo i drill. paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe wela hohonu luawai, kiʻekiʻe Angle deviated a horizontal Wells a me ke ano nui o na ano paʻakikī, a hiki ke hoʻohana nui 'ia no ka nānā 'ana i ka wai, perforating hoʻopau wai, workover wai a me ka wai kahe puʻuwai.Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai hoʻomākaukau o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe kumu ʻaila ma mua o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe kumu wai, a i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai, e hoʻokau pinepine ia i ka hopena koʻikoʻi i ke kaiaola kokoke i ka punawai, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. ma mua o ka wai wili kumu wai.ʻO kēia mau hemahema ka palena nui i ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wai wili kumu ʻaila.I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka wili ʻana, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka wai emulsion drilling fluid haʻahaʻa gel mai ka waena o 1970s.I mea e pale ai i ke kaiaola a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pono o ka ʻeli ʻana i waho, mai ka 1980s mua, ua hoʻolaha mālie ʻia ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻaila-wai emulsion me ka ʻaila mineral e like me ka ʻaila kumu.I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana liʻiliʻi ʻia ka wai wili aila āpau, no laila, ʻo ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻo ka wai hoʻoheheʻe kumu aila e pili ana i ka wai emulsion emulsion drilling wai me ka ʻaila diesel a i ʻole ka ʻaila mineral haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (ʻaila keʻokeʻo) e like me ka hoʻomau. pae.