Given the absence of studies on the impacts of drilling and fracking in plants and animals, as well as inadequate inspection and scant traceability in the food chain, it’s hard to know what level of risk consumers face when drinking milk or eating meat or vegetables produced in a frack zone. Unless, of course, you’re Jacki Schilke, and you feel marginally healthier when you quit eating the food that you produced downwind or downstream from drill rigs. But many consumers—those intensely interested in where and how their food is grown—aren’t waiting for hard data to tell them what is or isn’t safe. For them, the perception of pollution is just as bad as the real thing. Ken Jaffe, who raises grass-fed cattle in upstate New York, says, “My beef sells itself. My farm is pristine. But a restaurant doesn’t want to visit and see a drill pad on the horizon.”
Thomas Roth, who now serves as global operations manager for Halliburton's Boots & Coots pressure control subsidiary, testified in the third week of the sprawling civil trial that the cement slurry was not designed to standards consistent with best practices, acknowledging that "subsequent reviews show we've identified gaps in that."
In many cases, the challenge is predicting when asphaltenes will precipitate. They are not discrete molecules, but are a series of molecules with a micelle around it. If the micelle is broken, the asphaltene precipitates and gums up vessels and flowlines. Refiners, for example, regularly blend multiple grades of crude. They might buy one crude with a high asphaltene content, which is not a problem because the asphaltene is stable and suspended in solution. If they mix and blend that crude with one that is paraffinic in nature, they run the risk of disturbing the solubility and the asphaltenes can precipitate. So a precipitation problem may not occur in the production or processing facilities, but it can crop up in refining farther downstream, depending on the type of crude it is blended with. “The solutions need to be tailored to the particular conditions of pressure and stability of the asphaltenes,” Murphy said.
Alongside, the research study is inclusive of the latest trends proliferating the market as well as the challenges that this business sphere is likely to present to the prominent contenders of this business space.
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The report presents a thorough summary of the current situation of the global Alkylphenol ethoxylates market. The report probes the overall growth of the global Alkylphenol ethoxylates market and analyzes the industry chain in details, analyzing the history, being, and the potential expected growth forecasts of the market. This report analyzing the global Alkylphenol ethoxylates market situation and outlook, categorizes the global Alkylphenol ethoxylates market measurement (value, volume) by businesses, type, application, and region.
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And many would simply rather not know what’s going on. “It takes a long time to build up a herd’s reputation,” says rancher Dennis Bauste, of Trenton Lake, North Dakota. “I’m gonna sell my calves, and I don’t want them to be labeled as tainted. Besides, I wouldn’t know what to test for. Until there’s a big wipeout, a major problem, we’re not gonna hear much about this.” Ceylon Feiring, an area vet, concurs. “We’re just waiting for a wreck to happen with someone’s cattle,” she says. “Otherwise, it’s just one-offs”—a sick cow here and a dead goat there, easy for regulators, vets and even farmers to shrug off.
It is common for many heavy crudes to show similar characteristics, including high total acid number, low hydrogen/carbon ratios, high viscosity, high carbon residues, and a generally high level of asphaltenes, sulfur, heavy metals, and nitrogen. Because there is no universally accepted definition of what constitutes heavy crude, the term is relative in different regions. In the North Sea, for example, heavy crude is typically between 15°API and 20°API. In Canada, heavy crudes are as low as 8°API. In Alaska’s North Slope, many current production crudes fall between 18°API and 21°API, and are known as “high-viscosity crudes.” However, potentially there is more lower-API, heavier crude with lower fluid temperature that can be extracted with the correct technology and design.
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